Understanding the timeline is its own kind of leverage. A mining company doesn't “open a mine” — it works through a long, expensive, high-risk sequence, and the odds of any single project reaching production are famously low (industry figures put it near 1 in 1,000 exploration projects). Knowing where a project sits tells you how much time there is, and how much influence the community still has.
Exploration & prospecting 2–10 years We are here
Geological surveys, mapping, sampling, and initial drilling to identify a potential deposit. Claims are staked under the Mining Law of 1872. It's expensive, and most projects end here if no viable deposit is found.
Our leverage is highest now — before anything is proven, organized friction raises a company's cost and risk the most.
Discovery & advanced exploration 1–5 years
The deposit is confirmed with more drilling, a resource estimate, and a preliminary economic assessment. Regulatory permitting begins — for example, a BLM Notice of Intent.
Still early. This is where a resource under specific lots would first be estimated — and where terms are shaped.
Development & planning 2–5 years
Feasibility studies, environmental review (a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement), permits (a BLM Plan of Operations for disturbance over 5 acres), infrastructure design, and financing. A high-risk, expensive stage.
The public comment and permitting process here is a real friction point — and where surface protections get locked in.
Production & extraction 5–30+ years
The mine is built and operated — ore is extracted and processed, with ongoing monitoring and compliance. It only continues while it stays economically viable amid market swings.
This is the only stage a production royalty pays — which is why it is contingent, and years away.
Reclamation & closure 5–10+ years
The site is decommissioned and the land restored — backfilling, revegetation, and long-term monitoring, especially of water quality. Bonds are meant to ensure it actually happens.
This is why strong reclamation standards and bonding in any agreement matter so much.
Learn more
Why the early stage is exactly when a united community has the most influence.
What a royalty is, and why it only pays if a project ever reaches Stage 4.
Adapted from the BLM and industry-standard descriptions of the mining lifecycle; timeframes are typical ranges and vary by project. Informational only; not legal advice.